June 23, 2006
Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Objective Checklist
An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
* Define anatomy and physiology.
* Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Levels of Structural Organization
* Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain how they are related.
* Name the organ systems of the body and briefly state the major functions of each system.
* Classify by organ system all organs discussed.
* Identify the organs shown on a diagram or a dissectible torso.
Maintaining Life
* List functions that humans must perform to maintain life.
* List the survival needs of the human body.
Homeostasis
* Define homeostasis and explain its importance.
* Define negative feedback and describe its role in maintaining homeostasis and normal body function.
The Language of Anatomy
* Describe the anatomical position verbally or demonstrate it.
* Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body directions, surfaces, and body planes.
* Locate the major body cavities and list the chief organs in each cavity.
Lecture Outline
I. AN OVERVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (p. 2)
1. Anatomy (p. 2)
2. Physiology (p. 2)
3. Relationship Between Anatomy and Physiology (p. 2)
II. LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION (pp. 2-7)
1. From Atoms to Organisms (pp. 2-3)
- Atoms
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ System
- Organism
2. Organ System Overview (pp. 3-7)
- Integumentary System
- Skeletal System
- Muscular System
- Nervous System
- Endocrine System
- Cardiovascular System
- Lymphatic System
- Respiratory System
- Digestive System
- Urinary System
- Reproductive System
III. MAINTAINING LIFE (pp. 7-9)
1. Necessary Life Functions (pp. 7-9)
- Maintaining Boundaries
- Movement
- Responsiveness
- Digestion
- Metabolism
- Excretion
- Reproduction
- Growth
2. Survival Needs (p. 9)
- Nutrients (food)
- Oxygen
- Water
- Body Temperature
- Atmospheric Pressure
IV. HOMEOSTASIS (pp. 9-11)
1. Homeostatic Control Mechanisms (pp. 10-11)
- Receptor
- Control Center
- Effector
- Negative Feedback Mechanisms
- Positive Feedback Mechanisms
2. Homeostatic Imbalance (p. 11)
V. THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY (pp. 11-17)
1. Anatomical Position and Directional Terms (p. 11-13)
- Superior
- Inferior
- Anterior (Ventral)
- Posterior (Dorsal)
- Medial
- Lateral
- Intermediate
- Proximal
- Distal
- Superficial
- Deep
2. Regional Terms (pp. 13-14)
- Anterior Body Landmarks
- Abdominal
- Acromial
- Antecubital
- Axillary
- Brachial
- Buccal
- Carpal
- Cervical
- Coxal
- Crural
- Digital
- Femoral
- Fibular
- Inguinal
- Nasal
- Oral
- Orbital
- Patellar
- Pelvic
- Pubic
- Sternal
- Tarsal
- Thoracic
- Umbilical
- Posterior Body Landmarks
- Cephalic
- Deltoid
- Gluteal
- Lumbar
- Occipital
- Popliteal
- Sacral
- Scapular
- Sural
- Vertebral
3. Body Planes and Sections (pp. 14-15)
- Sagittal
- Frontal
- Transverse
4. Body Cavities (pp. 16-17)
- Dorsal Body Cavity
- Cranial Cavity
- Spinal Cavity
- Ventral Body Cavity
- Thoracic Cavity
- Diaphragm
- Abdominopelvic Cavity
- Umbilical Region
- Epigastric Region
- Hypogastric (Pubic) Region
- Right and Left Iliac (inguinal) Regions
- Right and Left Lumbar Regions
- Right and Left Hypochondriac Regions
- Pelvic Cavity
