Objective Checklist

Cells

• Name the four elements that make up the bulk of living matter and list several trace elements.
• Define cell, organelle, and inclusion.
• Identify on a cell model or diagram the three major cell regions (nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane).
• List the structures of the nucleus and explain the function of chromatin and nucleoli.
• Identify the organelles on a cell model or describe them, and discuss the major function of each.
• Define selective permeability, diffusion (including simple and facilitated diffusion and osmosis), active transport, passive transport, solute pumping, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, bulk-phase endocytosis, hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.
• Describe the structure of the plasma membrane, and explain how the various transport processes account for the directional movements of specific substances across the plasma membrane.
• Describe briefly the process of DNA replication and of mitosis. Explain the importance of mitotic cell division.
• In relation to protein synthesis, describe the roles of DNA and of the three varieties of RNA.
• Name some cell types and relate their overall shape and internal structure to their special functions.

Body Tissues

• Name the four major tissue types and their chief subcategories. Explain how the four major tissue types differ structurally and functionally.
• Give the chief locations of the various tissue types in the body.
• Describe the process of tissue repair (wound healing).

Developmental Aspects of Cells and Tissues

• Define neoplasm, and distinguish between benign and malignant neoplasms.
• Explain the significance of the fact that some tissue types (muscle and nerve) are largely amitotic after the growth stages are over.

Lecture Outline

Chapter 3 - Cells and Tissues

Part 1: Cells (pp. 56-77)

1. OVERVIEW OF THE CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE (p. 56)
2. ANATOMY OF A GENERALIZED CELL (pp. 56-64)
   1. The Nucleus (pp. 57-58)
      1. Nuclear Envelope
      2. Nucleoli
      3. Chromatin
   2. The Plasma Membrane (pp. 58-59)
      1. Specializations of the Plasma Membrane
         1. Tight Junctions
         2. Desmosomes
         3. Gap Junctions
   3. The Cytoplasm (pp. 59-64)
      1. Cytoplasmic Organelles
         1. Mitochondria
         2. Ribosomes
         3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
         4. Golgi Apparatus
         5. Lysosomes
         6. Peroxisomes
         7. Cytoskeleton
         8. Centrioles
3. CELL DIVERSITY (pp. 64-65)
4. CELL PHYSIOLOGY (pp. 66-77)
   1. Membrane Transport (p. 66)
      1. Passive Transport Processes: Diffusion and Filtration
         1. Diffusion
         2. Filtration
      2. Active Transport Processes
         1. Solute Pumping
         2. Bulk Transport
            1. Exocytosis
            2. Endocytosis
   2. Cell Division (pp. 71-75)
      1. Preparations: DNA Replication
      2. Events of Cell Division
         1. Mitosis
            1. Prophase
            2. Metaphase
            3. Anaphase
            4. Telophase
         2. Cytokinesis
   3. Protein Synthesis (pp. 75-77)
      1. Genes: The Blueprint for Protein Structure
      2. The Role of RNA
      3. Transcription
      4. Translation

Part 2: Body Tissues (pp. 77-90)

1. EPITHELIAL TISSUE (pp. 78-81)
   1. Special Characteristics of Epithelium (p. 78)
   2. Classification of Epithelium (pp. 78-81)
      1. Simple Epithelia
         1. Simple Squamous Epithelium
         2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
         3. Simple Columnar Epithelium
         4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
      2. Stratified Epithelia
         1. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
         2. Stratified Cuboidal and Stratified Columnar Epithelia
         3. Transitional Epithelium
      3. Glandular Epithelium
2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE (pp. 81-85)
   1. Common Characteristics of Connective Tissue (p. 82)
   2. Types of Connective Tissue (pp. 82-85)
      1. Bone
      2. Cartilage
      3. Dense Connective Tissue
      4. Loose Connective Tissue
         1. Areolar Tissue
         2. Adipose Tissue
         3. Reticular Connective Tissue
      5. Blood
3. MUSCLE TISSUE (pp. 85-86)
   1. Types of Muscle Tissue (pp. 85-86)
      1. Skeletal Muscle
      2. Cardiac Muscle
      3. Smooth Muscle
4. NERVOUS TISSUE (pp. 86-87)
   1. Tissue Repair (Wound Healing) (pp. 86-87)
5. DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF CELLS AND TISSUES (pp. 87-90)